The frequency of fractures in older persons is increasing, which is a direct result of the aging of the population. Particularly due to age-related changes in bone density, muscle mass, and general health, fractures in this group provide a distinct set of issues in terms of treatment and care. It is important to fully understand these problems and put suitable solutions into action to get the best results for older patients.
Health Statistics and Risk Factors
There is a substantial health risk associated with fractures in populations who are becoming older, with hip fractures being particularly common and deadly.
On a global scale, the International Osteoporosis Foundation estimates that one in three women and one in five men over the age of 50 will suffer from an osteoporotic fracture at some point in their lives. There are a number of risk factors that contribute to this increased fracture risk, including the following:
Decreased Bone Density
As people age, their bone density naturally decreases, making their bones more prone to breaking.
Poor Muscular Strength and Balance
The loss of muscular strength that comes with aging and changes in balance both increase the muscular chance of falling, which may lead to fractures due to the impact of the fall.
Chronic Health Conditions
Osteoporosis, arthritis, and diabetes are all examples of chronic health conditions that may weaken bones and raise the risk of fractures.
Treatment with Medication
Some medications, such as corticosteroids and specific anticoagulants, can potentially weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures.
Environmental Factors
Slippery flooring and inadequate illumination are two examples of environmental hazards that might contribute to fractures and falls in the home.
Challenges in Treatment
The treatment of fractures in adult patients creates some challenges listed as below.
- Aging may slow down the body’s natural healing mechanism, which can result in lengthier recovery periods.
- After a fracture, older persons have a greater chance of experiencing complications such as infection, blood clots, and pressure sores. These consequences may potentially be life-threatening.
- Fractures may reduce mobility and independence, especially in elderly people who are already weak. One of the most common causes of this decline is a decline in functional ability.
- Due to age-related health concerns, older persons may have an increased risk of surgical complications.
Important Factors to Keep in Mind
A multidisciplinary treatment approach is extremely needed to deal with these issues. When it comes to the treatment of fractures in elderly people, special concerns include the following:
- A full geriatric assessment of an older person’s health, ability to work, and social support can help tailor treatment plans to their needs.
- For bone health and healing, it is important to provide proper nutrition, which includes consuming an acceptable amount of protein and calcium.
- Lowering the risk of fractures can be possible by using fall prevention techniques, such as making adjustments to the house, participating in exercise programs, and reviewing medications.
- After suffering a fracture, seniors may benefit from early mobilization and rehabilitation via physical therapy. This might help them restore their strength and function.
- Older persons need to have adequate pain management for them to be able to engage in rehabilitation and stop problems from occurring.
- It is possible to help older persons deal with rehabilitation problems by providing them with social support, which includes emotional support and assistance with daily life activities.
Common fractures seen in aging people
Knowing the most common types of fractures in older people can help doctors treat and stop these injuries more effectively.
- Fractures of the Hip
Hip fractures are among the most frequent and dangerous types of fractures in older people. They often present themselves as a consequence of a fall and have the potential to result in substantial pain, immobility, and other consequences. To treat a hip fracture, quick medical care is required, and surgery may sometimes be required.
- Proximal Humerus Fractures
In people over 50, fractures of the proximal humerus, the bone in the upper arm located near the shoulder, are rather frequent. These fractures are often the consequence of a fall or a direct crash. The shoulder may experience discomfort, edema, and restricted mobility due to these fractures.
The treatment for the fracture may include immobilization, physical therapy, or surgery, depending on the severity of the fracture.
- Ankle Fractures
It is typical for older persons to suffer from ankle fractures, especially of the distal fibula (the outer bone of the lower leg). These fractures frequently happen due to a twisting injury or a fall.
Fractures like this might present with discomfort, edema, and trouble walking. It is possible that surgery, bracing, or casting will be necessary for treatment, depending on the severity of the damage.
- Vertebral Compression Fractures
Compression fractures of the vertebrae are caused by the weakening and collapse of the bones in the spine, often caused by osteoporosis. These fractures can result in significant back discomfort, a reduction in height, and a diversion of the spine. Pain management, bracing, and physical therapy are options for treatment that may be considered.
- Wrist Fractures
Older persons are more likely to suffer from wrist fractures, particularly of the distal radius (which is around the wrist joint), especially following a fall onto an extended hand. Breaks such as these may result in discomfort, edema, and restricted wrist movement.
The degree of the fracture will determine the treatment options available, which may include surgery, splinting, or casting.
- Pelvic Fractures
Another form of fracture prevalent in elderly populations is pelvic fracture, which is often the consequence of a fall or an incident with a high impact. In light of the pelvis’s complex structure, treating these fractures may be very difficult. Surgical procedures, pain management, and physical therapy are potential treatment components.
Wrapping It Up
As people get older, their bone structure and muscle strength change, which makes treating fractures more difficult. Osteoporosis, which is common in older people, can cause hip fractures that need immediate medical care and may require surgery. For the best results, patients need to get a lot of different kinds of care, like team assessments, good diet, fall prevention, and therapy. Paying extra attention to pain control and social support can help older people improve and maintain their quality of life.
